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Update of contrast- enhanced ultrasound in musculoskeletal medicine: Clinical perspectives – A review
Shao-Yu Chen1, Yao-Wei Wang1, Wen-Shiang Chen2, Ming-Yen Hsiao2
1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Correspondence Address:
Ming-Yen Hsiao,
No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100
Taiwan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
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Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) uses an intravascular contrast agent to enhance blood flow signals and assess microcirculation in different parts of the human body. Over the past decade, CEUS has become more widely applied in musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine, and the current review aims to systematically summarize current research on the application of CEUS in the MSK field, focusing on 67 articles published between January 2001 and June 2021 in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. CEUS has been widely used for the clinical assessment of muscle microcirculation, tendinopathy, fracture nonunions, sports-related injuries, arthritis, peripheral nerves, and tumors, and can serve as an objective and quantitative evaluation tool for prognosis and outcome prediction. Optimal CEUS parameters and diagnostic cut off values for each disease category remain to be confirmed.
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